The recent Delphi definition of dyslexia (Carroll et al., 2024) emphasises the importance of orthographic processing skills in relation to dyslexia.
What is Orthographic Processing?
Orthographic processing refers to the ability to recognise and manipulate the visual parts of written language, including letters, letter patterns, and words. For children with dyslexia, difficulties in this area can significantly impact their reading and spelling abilities. A child with orthographic processing difficulties will find it hard to remember which letter patterns are associated with which sounds. They will also find it hard to remember what letters and digits look like, leading to letter and digit reversals and sometimes poor letter formation and handwriting.
Impact on Reading and Spelling
Children with orthographic processing difficulties often struggle with:
- Recognising common letter patterns.
- Recognising common sight words.
- Reliance on phonics when reading and spelling. Leading to spelling words as they sound.
- Reading visually similar words (e.g. "when" and "what").
- Letter and digit reversals past age seven.
- Remembering the correct sequence of letters in words when spelling.
These challenges can make reading and spelling difficult, affecting a child's academic performance and self-esteem.
Strategies to Support Orthographic Processing
1. Multisensory Learning: Engage multiple senses when teaching new words. For example, have your child see the word, say it aloud, and trace the letters with their finger.
2. Focus on Word Meaning: Connecting letter sequences to word meanings can be beneficial for readers with dyslexia.
3. Repeated Exposure: Regular exposure to words in various contexts can support orthographic learning.
4. Technology Aids: Use word processing programs with spell-checkers and text-to-speech functions to reinforce correct spelling and word recognition.
How can I help my child?
As a parent, you play a crucial role in supporting your child's orthographic processing skills:
- Read together regularly, pointing out letter patterns and discussing word meanings.
- Create a comfortable and supportive learning environment at home.
- Celebrate your child's efforts and successes to boost their confidence.
- Consider working with a tutor who specialises in dyslexia interventions.
While dyslexia is a lifelong condition, children can develop their reading and writing skills with the right support and interventions. The recognition of orthographic processing in the Delphi definition opens new avenues for targeted interventions and support strategies.
By understanding the role of orthographic processing in dyslexia, parents can better advocate for their children and provide effective support at home.
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